Elasticity on Demand, Breakeven Analysis and Pricing Decisions Essay Example for Free

elasticity on Demand, Breakeven Analysis and Pricing Decisions EssayWhen a smashed changes impairments, the effect on profits is more important than the effect on tax revenue. There is a simple formula to calculate the critical Price duck soup of demand which is just sufficient to maintain the contribution to overheads and profits. This will be greater than that required to maintain revenue. A common issue in vocation and in business studies is whether a firm should change the prices at which products are offered. The calculations begin with estimates of the reaction of customers to the new prices. This reaction is represented as Price Elasticity of Demand (PED), the ratio of the proportionate changes in volume and price. Students are always told and some students even remember that Elastic Demand (PED gt1) means more revenue from a lower price and less from a utmoster one and Inelastic Demand (PED But who wants the same revenue with lower profits? every change in price w ill have a much bigger impact, proportionately, on the contribution per item for the firm than on the asking price to the customer.It follows that an increase in price may succeed in raising profits, even though revenue falls and that a lower price may reduce profits even though revenue increases. So the critical question is not whether the PED is greater or less than one, but whether it is sufficiently high (for a lower price) or sufficiently low (for a price increase) to improve profits. The critical level of PED can be found by an operation of breakeven analysis.We can take the current level of contribution to overheads and profit and ask what the volume (units sold) must be to give the same level of contribution at the alternative price. Having found this critical volume, we can and so compute what the PED would be to give us this volume at the new price, compared with the existing price and quantity. This then will be the Critical Price Elasticity of Demand (CPED). If we are raising prices, any PED less than CPED will increase profits if we are bring down price, we want PED to be more than CPED.And while there is no way, short of trying the price change, to know what the PED actually is, a firm may salubrious have sensible ideas about the likelihood of its being significantly greater or less than a specified value. It may seem that calculating the CPED is kind of a waste of time, since we should have to calculate the required change in quantity first and might just as well reckon our chances of get this volume after our price change, without entering into Elasticity computations at all. However it turns out that there is a very simple formula for calculating the CPED.

Aging worksheet Essay Example for Free

Aging worksheet EssayPart IIdentify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1.Older adults experience unequal treatment in employment and may face prejudice and discrimination. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.364.) 2.Membership in this discriminate group is involuntary. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.395.) 3.Older adults role physical characteristics that distinguish them from younger people, and their cultural preferences and leisure-time activities often differ from those of the rest of society. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.395.)Aging and Disability WorksheetPart IIdentify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population.1.Older adults experience unequal treatment in employment and may face prejudice and discrimination. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.364.) 2.Membership in this disadvantaged group is involuntary. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.395.) 3.Older adults share physical characteristics that distinguish them from younger people, and their cultural preferences and leisure-time activities often differ from those of the rest of society. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.17, pg.395.)Answer the following questions in ampere-second to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use.What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? In my readings this week I in condition(p) the meaning of ageism in our society. Ageism is the prejudice and discrimination against older adults. (Racial and Ethnic Groups, Ch.13, pg.395.) Ageism influences the presence of diversity in society by limit the elderly of what they are capable of, or presumed incapable of.Some may non hire an older individual becausehe/she assumes the individual will not be able to perform well in the work environment with others. The elderly are viewed as ill, fragile, and may have physical restrictions. Another course ageism influences society is the youth have a fear of aging because of the negative concepts of the elde rly.

Personal Development: Strategic Manager

Personal Development strategicalal ManagerIntroductionThe concept of personalised training covers a wider field than egotism- evolution or self-help. Personal development as well as includes developing others. This may be a function within the eccentric of teacher or mentor, a personal competency (such as a managers ability to develop the potential of employees), or as a professional service (such as providing training, assessment or teach).Strategic development in many governments is viewed as a process for determining where an organization is going over the next grade or more than(prenominal) -typically 3 to 5 years, although some ex bleed their imagination to 20 years. In magnitude to contain where it is going, the organization needs to know incisively where it stands, then determine where it wants to go and how it allow for get at that place. The terminusing document is called the strategic be after.It is also true that strategic think may be a shaft for eff ectively plotting the counselling of a company however, strategic planning itself privynot foretell exactly how the marketplace impart evolve and what issues will surface in the coming days in baseball club to plan your organizational strategy. then, strategic innovation and tinkering with the strategic plan have to be a cornerstone strategy for an organization to survive the profligate dividing line climate.This assignment covers the personal development plan as a manager in TESCO organization. The study reducees on the personal development as a strategic manager. here several issues such as identification of personal skills, ability to manage personal leaders development, evaluation of effectualness of leadership development course and the ability to develop wellnessy and pencil eraser environment be studied.1. Identification of Personal SkillsPersonal development plays an important role in propelling the company towards its strategic deviseion. This development is not only required during the implementation stage but also in the formulation stage.Strategic direction of the organisationStrategic direction is an organizations process of defining its strategy, or planning, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ) and PEST analysis(Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis) or STEER analysis (Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors) and EPISTEL (Environment, Political, Informatics, Social, Technological, Economic and Legal)Strategic planning is the formal consideration of an organizations future course. only strategic planning deals with at least one of three key questionsWhat do we do?For whom do we do it?How do we excel?In many organizations, this is viewed as a process for dete rmining where an organization is going over the next year or more -typically 3 to 5 years, although some extend their raft to 20 years. In order to determine where it is going, the organization needs to know exactly where it stands, then determine where it wants to go and how it will get there. The resulting document is called the strategic plan.It is also true that strategic planning may be a tool for effectively plotting the direction of a company however, strategic planning itself cannot foretell exactly how the market will evolve and what issues will surface in the coming days in order to plan your organizational strategy. Therefore, strategic innovation and tinkering with the strategic plan have to be a cornerstone strategy for an organization to survive the turbulent business climate.Organizations some clippings set the direction by summarizing goals and objectives into a mission tilt and/or a passel statementA Mission statement tells you the fundamental purpose of the orga nization. It concentrates on the present. It defines the customer and the critical processes. It informs you of the desired level of performance.A Vision statement outlines what the organization wants to be. It concentrates on the future. It is a source of inspiration. It provides shed light on decision-making criteria.Strategic skills required of the leader to master the strategic ambitionsThe leaders possessed certain degree of precaution skills inculcated during their years of experience in business. But leadership is beyond just management skills.The leaders prepargon organizations for change and help them cope as they struggle through it. eyepatch management is round heading with complexity, leadership is coping with change While Managing comprises planning, budgeting, organizing, staffing, controlling and problem solving, leadership comprises setting a direction, developing a vision of the future and aligning need and inspiring people (Kotter. 2001)Strategic skill is the ability to withstand excellent strategic decisions, and implement them effectively is one of the most significant leadership skills. Here ar five strategic skills we can use to stretch and strengthen our organisation.The following diagram defines the strategic skills required of the leader to fall upon the strategic ambitions1. wont scenario planningFirst, identify the variables that create the highest risks and opportunities for your company.Then imagine the originals positive and negative that could happen for each of these critical variables.Next, push your imagination further. Envision much more positive and much more negative circumstances than originally came to mind for each critical variable.Now, having stretched your sense of what might happen by envisioning extreme alternatives, choose a few scenarios that you think are most likely to happen.Then, choose the most likely scenario. You may find it valuable to gather entropy to help you hone and verify your instin cts about your choice.Finally, consider what actions you would take for the scenario you think is most likely. Also consider actions youd need to take if some of the other also-likely scenarios happened, sooner than the one on which youre placing your bets.2. Design for the solution after this oneThe strategy you choose now, and the actions you take, as a result, will affect the future. That could prevent or sack up future problems, and it could also create other problems.To minimize the negative impacts of the strategy you choose, imagine when your company may need to choose its next strategic direction, whether in 5, 10 or more years.Envision your strategic choices now fitting into the choices that must be made then. See if that perspective changes the strategic choices you planned to make now.3. fancy and practice games of strategyThis idea doesnt need a lot of elaboration. Learn and practice leads to experience of the managers. This alternatively helps in improving the persona l skills of manager.4. Learn from the mastersChoose a few people who are or were legendary for their strategic abilities, whether in your field or another one. Read about them, watch documentaries and learn from other resources about their work, thought process and attainments.What did they do that enabled them to be so successful and strategic in the way they worked?Find ways to apply what you learned to your own work and strategic challenges.5. Create the time and space so you can think strategicallyA big single out of strategic success is carving out the time and space so your strategic skills can be tapped.You must get away from the day-to-day to be able to fully see the big picture, to anticipate issues well before they become problems, and to recognize great opportunities and how you can make the most of them.Create the time and space regularly so that strategy and strategic skills can emerge, be implemented, and improve, as needed, as you move ahead.Relationship between ex isting, required and future skills to achieve the strategic ambitionsThe owners had the operational skills to certain extent. But the required skills were more of leadership. If the vision is set, the skills required for meeting the vision are the future skills to achieve strategic ambitions.While management is about coping with complexity, leadership is coping with change. The important skill in leadership is setting the direction through the inductive process of collect broad range of selective information and looking for patterns, relationships and linkages. This direction setting will result in vision and strategies. The leaders should reckon alignment of the team with vision through communication. Alignment will lead to empowerment and goal congruence. Good leaders should coach, provide feedback and role models. They should recognize and reward success. lead hinges on firm networks of informal relationships. They should create a culture of leadership by recruitment of people with potential and managing their career patterns (Kotter, 2001).According to Daniel Goleman stirred intelligence would be the most important ingredient for a leader. When the he calculated the ratio of technical skills, IQ and turned on(p) intelligence as ingredients of excellent performance, emotional intelligence proven to be twice as important as the others for jobs at all levels. This had direct link to performance. His research further showed that emotional intelligence played an increasingly important role at the highest levels of the company. There was also a close link between companys success and the emotional intelligence of its leaders. Therefore, the company in order to prosper in future should focus on developing emotional intelligence amongst top echelons in the company.Personal leadership development to support achievement of strategic ambitionsThe organizations are supplied with opportunities to support leadership development. The opportunities can be categorized into hardships, challenging assignments, learning from others and other events. Leadership lessons are obtained most during hardships and challenging assignments.Leadership development refers to any activity that enkindles the quality of leadership within an individual or organization.Anybody can become a member of management if they know the just people and say the right things at the right time. But not everybody can be a leader. A manager or boss is soulfulness with a certain organizational title that heads or oversees a select group of employees. A leader, on the other hand, is somebody with that same title who commands and receives regard from the employees he or she oversees. What is that difference and how can you make that transition from manager to leader?The opportunities to support leadership developmentThere are many incompatible sources of information and advice to help the managers to improve the leadership and management skills in the organization of TESCO. The most appropriate will depend on the managers individual needs. Following opportunities and supports are available to managers for the personal development plan. These areTrain to Gain Leadership and Management Advisory ServiceThis innovative Leadership and Management architectural plan will help to equip the managers with the skills to become a more effective leader. A leadership and management broker will help managers to diagnose their skills needs and those of their management team and put together individual development plans. They will offer bespoke guidance on how to consolidate existing skills and improve in areas that will fast track personal development and ultimately boost the performance and competitiveness of their business. chip in rails is a 10 month leadership programme designed specifically for owner-managers of businesses with less than 20 employees. It has a proven track record in delivering business growth for its delegates 90% of businesses that have attended L EAD over the last 4 years have reported a significant increase in sales turnover as a result of attending the programme. The programme works by taking a very practical approach to both the development of the business and to the personal development of the owner-manager. LEAD tackles practical issues that owner-managers are facing in running their business rather than focusing on theoretical concepts and as a result has a direct impact on the growth of delegates businesses.High Growth Coaching ProgrammeThe High Growth programme is a three year business coaching initiative aimed at high growth businesses and entrepreneurs. It will support budding entrepreneurs with ideas that can achieve a turnover of 500,000 within three years, and established lessened and medium sized enterprises with ambition and capacity to expand by at least 20 per cent a year.The Mentoring ProgrammeMentoring for Northwest Businesses offers business owners, leaders and managers the chance to develop and fully re alise their potential through a long term mentoring relationship.Net working(a)This is another important type of skill development for business owners and directors. A wide variety of business networks exists including those for new businesses, young owners and women owners. These allow employees to learn from people running similar businesses and facing similar obstacles.Professional bodiesAll the following professional bodies offer leadership and management development courses and opportunitiesChartered Management Institute (CMI) is the only chartered professional body that is dedicated to management and leadership. It is committed to raising the performance of businesses of all sizes by championing management.The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) is the professional body for those involved in the management and development of people.Construction of personal development plan to direct leadership developmentThe Personal Development Plan would focus on two fac ets of leadership development. The beginning(a) is the managerial aspect and the other is the leadership aspect. Though the traditional management model includes leadership under management, many management gurus have propounded theories which focus on leadership. The area of managing comprises Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. These activities will enable the person to manage complexities. The most important aspect is that of leadership, which would demand tremendous amount of emotional intelligence. The managing encompasses the appreciation of process, seeks constancy and control and instinctively tries to resolve problems far too quickly. Leadership, in contrast emphasizes on tolerance to chaos and lack of structure and willingness to delay closure in order to understand the issues more fully. Leadership inevitably requires using power to influence the thoughts and actions of other people. In terms of personality, manager is a problem convergent thinker with empha sis on rationality and control. Leadership is a practical effort to direct affairs and to fulfill his or her task.In terms of carriage towards goals, Managers tend to adopt impersonal, if not passive, attitudes. In sharp contrast, the leaders are proactive in shaping the ideas instead of responding to them. They adopt a personal and active attitude towards goals.Implementation process for the development plan The implementation process would have a mechanism. This mechanism will not only lay down the program but also will ensure the employee to go through it. In the first phase, the candidate will go through the concepts of planning, organizing, leading and controlling.The development plan in the area of planning would cover the process of identifying and selecting appropriate organizational goals and courses of action. The development in the area of organizing would cover creation of a structure of working relationships that allow organizational members to interact and cooperate to achieve organizational goals. Leading would involve articulating a clear organizational vision for its members to accomplish, and energize and enable employees so that everyone understands the part they play in achieving organizational goals. Controlling is the task of managers is to evaluate how well an organization has achieved its goals and to take any corrective actions needed to maintain or improve performance. The outcome of the control process is the ability to measure performance accurately and regulate organizational efficiency and effectiveness.The development plan would then focus on enhancing the emotional intelligence of the candidate. The components of emotional intelligence are Self Awareness, Self Regulation, Motivation, Empathy and Social Skill.While all other skills are not unremarkably appreciated, social skills gets cognizance as a key skill for a leader. Emotional skills can be learnt through well structured training.The effectiveness of the leadership deve lopment planAssessment of the achievement of outcomes of the plan against original objectivesThe original objectives were to develop the skill to plan, organize, lead and control. Further it was to enhance each component of the emotional intelligence. The outcomes were quantified in terms of the function of people exposed to the training period. These development programs would result in tangible improvement in performance parameters with a lag. Therefore outcomes were categorized into two categories the outcomes and performance drivers. The performance drivers would result in outcomes. Assessment of only the outcomes will not help in ensuring the implementation. Since outcomes have already happened, there is no way to alter them. On the other hand monitoring of performance drivers would give valuable insights that would help in formulating mid-course corrections.Every year the number of man-hours of development in terms of each of the areas of development, which are Planning, Orga nizing, Leading and controlling is targeted. Similarly the number of people trained in emotional intelligence in areas of Self Awareness, Self Regulation, Motivation, Empathy and Social Skill is recorded. Tests were conducted periodically to assess the progress. A 360 degree assessment by people from different functional areas is done continually and plotted to see the growth. Statistical methods are used to assess the spread and standard deviation among the candidates. The development program would be thought to be extended, if the candidate does not show improvement.The impact of the achievement of objectives on strategic ambitionsThe strategic ambitions are framed in the form of a vision statement. The statement of vision was The Company will be a global conglomerate with dominance in the chosen field of endeavor. In this context, the objectives of the company wereTo be a market leader in each business pursuedTo be an ideal employer with attrition below 10%To be profitable compan y with margin on sales exceeding 15%To conform to ethical practices of businessTo ensure maximum return to shareholders with return on equity exceeding 15%To ensure the growth of business of over 20% per annumTo ensure succession plan for every leadership position in the companyTo be proactive on environmental issues.The development of managerial skills and leadership skills are crucial for the fulfillment of objectives. Unless leaders were developed in each functional area, it would be impossible to achieve the objectives. By focusing on the implementation of objectives through appropriate strategies and also monitoring through a suitable mechanism, we can move fast towards the vision of the stakeholders.Review and update leadership development planResearch on the most admired companies reports that top organizations take aggressive, innovative approaches to improve leadership at all levels by focusing on the followingDisciplined leadership assessments and selectionIntensive leade rship development programs that address individual needs and the organizations strategic goalsValues that emphasize the importance of people as well as financial resultsLeadership models that include such attributes as self confidence and self control, achievement orientation, empathy, and teamwork components of emotional intelligenceThe career paths and leadership is shown in the following diagram. The leadership development plan would be reviewed at every stage in the career path culminating in leadership.Periodic reviews take place every quarter. While technical competencies are inculcated till the middle management levels, the training in styles of leadership is provided as inputs after the middle managerial levels.The reviews would focus on the extent of technical competencies absorbed by the employee up to a certain stage. after the emotional quotient of the individual is assessed to make sure whether the person is ready to don the leadership role. The emotional quotient is m easured to see the improvement over a quarter. If no improvement is found, the curriculum of training is modified to make it more effective. Here the assessment of the candidate by people from different functional areas at mixed levels is considered to arrive at a measure of leadership capability.Promoting Healthy and Safe environment that supports a culture of qualityImpact of Corporate and Individual health and galoshty responsibilities on the organizationCorporate and Individual health and Safety is one of the most important ingredients of an organization. This is not an event but a process. It is world inculcated that safety is not just the corporate responsibility, but the responsibility of everyone in the organization. The promotion of this aspect demands substantial cooperation between employers and employees in initiating, developing and carrying out measures to enhance the health and safety of employees at work. All these form a part of the Corporate and Individual health and safety policy in the company.In order to ensure an accident free environment in the company, a mechanism needs to be instituted. This mechanism should monitor the safety practices within the company. The parameters that would be monitored are number of accidents, absences due to injury and insurance premium.The routines would be developed to control hazards which would be in consonance with regulations and standards.An objective should be the promotion of co-operation between employers and employees in initiating, developing and carrying out measures to ensure the health and safety at work of employees.The accidents could be due to unsafe acts, omissions or unsafe conditions. The company should monitor with data on accidents, diseases, near misses and the trends. Analysis of this data would enable risk assessment and also redesign or reengineering of processes to make them saferWays to promote healthy and safe environment in the work placeAt the outset, it is necessary to draw the attention of the employees to the importance of health and safety to the individual and the organization. Suitable posters and regular mails are necessary to keep alive the spirit of health and safety in the organization. There is a need to have a manual on safe and healthy practices integrated into System of operations. It is necessary to convene regular meetings to impress upon the employees and also to monitor the success of action plans to promote safety and health. A proper organizational setup for safety and health depending upon the size of the organization is a must. It must be headed by a safety officer. He may or may not have an elaborate setup. The top managements commitment should be communicated strongly with the CEO occasionally attending the safety meetings. The existing employees should be forever and a day reminded about the importance of health and safety. The new entrants to the company should be imparted training in safety and health as a part of the inducti on program. adherence of organization culture of quality on the achievement of strategic ambitionsThere are four types of cultural orientations which represent different values about motivation, leadership and strategic orientation in organizations. But normally an organization reflects a combination of the four cultural orientations. These four cultural orientations do not excerpt each other and the relative emphasis placed by the organization on the orientations varies.The group culture focuses on flexibility and internal integration. OrganizationsEmphasizing a group culture tend to value belongingness, trust and participation. The strategies used in these organizations concentrate on the development of human relations and member commitment. The leaders throw out teamwork, empowerment and concerns for employee ideas. The developmental culture emphasizes flexibility and outdoor(a) orientation. Organizations with emphasis on this cultural orientation tend to focus on growth, resou rce acquisition, creativity,and adaptation to the external environment. The strategies used to manage business include innovation, resource acquisition, and the development of new market. Leadership styles in such organizations are entrepreneur and innovator-type. The rational culture is focused on the external environment and control. Organizations with emphasis on a rational culture encourage competition and the successful achievement of well-defined goals. The strategies are orient toward efficient planning and control of production to achieve competitive advantages and high productivity. The leaders tend to be directive, goal-oriented, and functional. The hierarchical culture emphasizes stability and internal integration. It stresses centralisation and regulations. The strategies emphasize clear rules, close control, and routinization. The leaders are conservative and cautious. (Xingxing Zu et al, 2006)But in the company under study, the prevalent culture was hierarchical. In various studies by different researchers, it was found that group culture and development culture, two cultural orientations which emphasize flexibility and people in their underlying values, are commonly believed to be the ideal cultural orientations for implementing quality management programs.ConclusionEvery organization has a vision or picture of what it desires for its future, whether foggy or crystal clear. The current mission of the organization or the purpose for its existence is also understood in general terms. The organization under study began as an apparel exporter and later diversified into various unrelated areas. These areas did not provide synergy to the existing businesses. Due to recession, all the businesses ran into losses.The leaders in the organization were found to be lacking strategic skills to meet the strategic ambitions. A leadership development program was launched with emphasis on twin areas of management and leadership. While Managing comprises plan ning, budgeting, organizing, staffing, controlling and problem solving, Leadership comprises setting a direction, developing a vision of the future and aligning motivating and inspiring people. The development plan would also focus on enhancing the emotional intelligence of the candidate. The components of emotional intelligence are Self Awareness, Self Regulation, Motivation, Empathy and Social Skill. While all other skills are not normally appreciated, social skills gets recognition as a key skill for a leader. Emotional skills can be learnt through well structured training.The organizations are replete with opportunities to support leadership development. The opportunities can be categorized into hardships, challenging assignments, learning from others and other events. In the midst of opportunities a personal development plan was formulated so also an implementation plans. This was also reviewed and updated. The evaluation was also done about the impact of corporate and individu al health and safety and also on the support veritable by quality.

Learning with Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages

Learning with Technology Advantages and DisadvantagesThe present era is an era of engine room. E realwhere we argon b assure with technological devices and every angiotensin converting enzyme is somehow familiar with technology. The foundation of all types of technology is laid down in educational institutions. The education in secondary level plays an intrinsic role since it is responsible for the development of society. Therefore, secondary education offho commit be make much effective by the hire of technology and all resources made available through technology.This introduces us to the term Educational Technology. The word was recognised in 1967 with the establishment of National Council for Educational Technology in the United Kingdom.1N. Venkataiah in his book Educational Technology noted that For different reasons educational technology perhaps will perform support or enriching role relative to schoolroom teaching in college and University rather than serving a replac ement for such instruction.2Every technology has its merits and limitations and no one technology is roleful for all types of eruditeness.Benefits of apply technology in the learning contextWe skunk talk of many benefits and criticism related to the ingestion of technology in education. First we are outlet to deal with few advantages of making use of technology in the learning context.Technology in the learning process quarter increase students motivation. Com pieceer found education can give immediate feedback to student and the right answers. Moreover a calculating machine can give student motivation to continue learning, since a computer is patient and non-judgemental. According to James Kulik, who studies the effectiveness of computers used for leaning, students usually gain more in less time when receiving computer-based instructions and they build up more positive(p) approach to the subject learned.3The American educator, Cassandra B. Whyte thought that achieverful academic performance in the future will depend on how computer usage and in orderion technology would become important in the education experience of the future.4Educational technology provides the way for students to be active participants in their learning and to present differentiated questioning approaches. It expands individualized education and encourages the progress of personalized learning plans. Students are encouraged to use multimedia components and to integrate the knowledge they achieved in innovative ways.5Criticism to Learning TechnologyAlthough technology in the classroom does have many benefits, in that respect are clear shortcomings as well. Not having comme il faut training, limited access to enough quantities of a technology, and the additional time required for many running of technology are just a few reasons that technology is often not used widely in the classroom.Similar to learning a new task, special training is vital to ensure effectiveness when utili se things like technology. Training is a must when dealing with technology and education. Since technology is not the end goal of technology, but a means to be more effective in learning, educators must having a good grasp of the technology they can use or they are using and its advantages over the traditional means. If there is a lack of training, the use of technology will not give the all the good results that are given when technology is being used correctly. other exhaustingy that which might arose when using technology for teaching/learning is the access to an enough amount of resources. Many teachers use technology by using a projector or screen, to show picture or videos, since there are not enough computers available for the students in order to be used by them and perform or use it during the lesson. This also occurs when there is limited amount of access to technology because of high cost of technology and the fear of damages. There other cases when there the inconve nience of resources in such cases, such as having to transport the whole class to a computer lab or media room.6One of the disadvantages of using technology in education is that it is time consuming. Teachers had to prepare not only their lesson plans but had to prepare these resources using technology, which for teachers not familiar with technology can be a bit of headache.Another major issue which arise is that technology is too fast evolving. New resources have to be designed whe neer the technological platform is changed. changing for many times is not possible because of expenses and therefore there is the need to train teachers in order to know how to use new technologies.7But counterbalance there are all these disadvantages, one had to continue support the use of technology while investing in training of teachers, creating resources and made them available.Technologies of information and their death penalty in learningIn this part we are going to deal with some of the tec hnologies of information available that can be used in education. bandage observing their strengths and weaknesses, we are going to evaluate their implementation in the teaching/learning context.Interactive WhiteboardAn interactive whiteboard is a large display machine-accessible to a projector and a laptop/computer. By using a pen, stylus or finger users can control what is seen on the display through these musical instruments. So, by jot the screen one manages and controls the computer.Through a pen/stylus the user can calibrate the system if necessary, activate programs, buttons and menus found on the computer which is connected to the interactive whiteboard. If the user wants to enter text, can either make use of on-screen keyboard or else can utilize handwriting by using the pen/stylus.As technology and packet programs are continuing to develop, there is an increase in interactivity, since interactive whiteboards are being supplied with software programs that provide all ne cessary tools and functions which can give the ability to create virtual versions of paper flipcharts with pen and highlighter options. Such softwares also include tools like protractors, rulers and compasses to make use of traditional teaching tools, since students are more familiar with and more available to use.8Interactive whiteboards are being used in many schools as a replacement for the traditional whiteboards or flipcharts or video/media systems. Interactive whiteboards can be used to connect to online shared annotations and drawing environments. The software helps teacher to keep electronic records of their note for afterward use. Also, teacher can record their instruction which they had done during the lesson on the interactive whiteboard, which can be saved as a digital video format and then can post this material for review and revision by the students. This is an advantage for the students to see a revision of what had been done in school, especially when something was not understood well, when they are absent or when they want to revise for examination. Some software programs used with interactive whiteboards allow also the recording of the teachers voice.9Obviously the main advantage of this technology is interactivity as the name reflects. Students also by the help of the teacher can make use of the interactive whiteboard during the lesson, to choose picture, drawing, write and more. research by Glover and Miller on the impact of interactive whiteboards in secondary schools, shows that even interactive whiteboards are a technology more than a computer, their use in schools and by teachers reflects that their potential is unrealized. According to the authors of this research the use of interactive whiteboards by teachers is made in three ways as an aid to efficiency, as an extension device, and as a transformative device.10Even if technology always is done for the benefit of humanity and to make breeding more easer, interactive whiteboards al so were criticised by many for diverse reasons. According to the Washington Post article, published in June 11, 2010Many academics question industry-backed studies linking improved test scores to their products. And some go further. They plead that the most ubiquitous device-of-the-future, the interactive whiteboard essentially a giant interactive computer screen that is usurping blackboards in classrooms across America locks teachers into a 19th-century lecture flare of instruction counter to the more collaborative small-group models that many reformers favour.11The Londons Institute of Education in a report on the interactive whiteboards says that, Although the newness of the technology was initially welcomed by pupils any boost in motivation seems short-lived. Statistical analysis showed no impact on pupil performance in the first year in which departments were fully equipped.12The report also emphasize such issues such as the fact that teacher gives more importance to the ne w technology than on what pupils should be learning. It was noted that the focus on interactivity as a technical process can lead to everyday activities which were being overestimated and also that in lower-ability classes it would slow the grounds of whole class learning since individual pupils took turns at the board.13InternetIn many countries and homes, the Internet and the World Wide Web in cross can be considered as part of the household and as common household term. This is proven by amount of reference to profits in the daily life and the amount of time which people, especially those who are still studying in schools, spend surfing on the internet.14The popularity of internet had made it as an important tool in education both as a great resource and as tool in class.The Internet is a global system of matching computer networks that are accessible to billions of users around the globe. It is a network of networks that is made up of so many networks which are private, publ ic, academic, business and government use. The internet holds a vast range of information resources and services.15When for the first time teachers were introduced to the internet, there first reaction was about the wicked educational potentials which exist on the internet. Internet was seen as an instrument to answer the learning needs of many students since it have vast amount of resources.16The use of internet adds something new, some real value, to teaching. The internet offers a tremendous way of communication between students themselves and with experts regarding the subject they are studying. Moreover students can join groups which discuss their favourite subject to continue enhance their information regarding that particular subject.17The internet can be a support when teacher using animation, pictures, maps, images and other resources. For example when studying the land in which Jesus lives, to which the student has never been, a virtual tour to some of the landmarks throu gh the internet can make the lesson more attractive and interesting, since they are not only imagining what the teacher is truism about the Holy Land but also seeing how the Holy Land looks like.The use of internet is in contrast with the use of textbooks. Many of our textbooks can be considered outdated. The use of internet can gives us the opportunity to include current data in our lessons.On the other side the internet has also its weaknesses. Teaching involves human process that cannot be automated or manufactured. One important instrument of teaching is the human touch, which cannot be replaced. The extreme use of internet and computer lead to lacking of human touch when computer replace teachers.18Moreover there is no solid confirmation that computers develop positively students performance, since stories of success are isolated cases. This may result due to time needed for teachers to develop good applications to be used in classrooms. Even if the Internet improves learning, no one is yet to prove that the advantages of teaching using the Internet significantly outweigh the advantages of using other cheaper information media.Every new technology brings with it positive and negative impact. Nobody has taken time to analyze the negative impact of exposing children to the Internet may have on their social development.19Microsoft PowerPoint or other presentment softwareThe use of PowerPoint during teaching has a significant amount of potentialities for encouraging more visual use and more proficient presentations, since one can put text, audio, videos, pictures, graphs and much more. PowerPoint is a widely used presentation programme which had originated in the business world but today had found also a very comfortable place in the world of teaching. The popularity of PowerPoint in educational technology stem directly from one of its famous features, that is, the ease of use, also by those who cannot be considered as experts on computer.20Good use of Powe rPoint enhances the teaching and learning experience of both teachers and the students. This is continuously developing since the Microsoft Corporation which created PowerPoint is endlessly developing and adding more features to its software to make it more easy and master look like, such as the integration of video clips and words at the same time and the use of the presenters view, in order for whom is doing the presentation to see what comes next or work with other programs at the same time. As well, the templates provided can help to make simple professional look of the presentation in order to be more effective and successful.21PowerPoint software also gives the accessibility to print what had been shown in the presentation in order for students to have a copy of the presentation shown during the lesson.Few are those disadvantages when using PowerPoint. An important element when using PowerPoint is the way how teachers should use it when they are making use of it in classrooms . Teacher should give attention to not have large amount of material on one slide which can make difficult for the students to comprehend what the teacher is actually doing in the lesson.22Video clipThe use of video clips in education is developing very faster, since time has pass on static images and pictures. Today we are developing the idea of movement in pictures and in our presentations. The fact that video editing programs are now available for everyone to use on his personal computer, the trend that is developing is to create videos to enhance more the attention and motivation of the students.This developing is made easier through websites such as Youtube.com and Vimeo.com, where one can upload his videos while others can see and download for personal use. This innovative idea had created a planet of video resources which can be use for teaching.ConclusionThe use of these available technologies and others can make our teaching more effective and interesting. This use of old t extbooks and methods of learning are a bit out of this world, since students are all surrounded by this new technologies which are developing very fast. This does not mean that we have to trash all old methods and textbooks but it is important to incorporate technology to make lessons more enjoyable, creative and effective.

Imagery in Jane Eyre

Imagery in Jane EyreMuch of the imagery of Jane Eyre is obvious-the chestnut tree, the black-market landscapes, the red room that is equivalent Hell. But two images are so pervasive that they serve as a substructure for the entire novel sting and peeing-and their extremes, the flames of lust and the ice of indifference. The plan of attack is in Janes spirit and in Rochesters eyes. Jane desires look, fire, feeling (p. 105) Rochester has strange fire in his look (p. 145). If these two are fire, St. John Rivers (note the hold up name) contains the icy waters that would put out fire, destroy passion. His nature is frozen over with an ice of reserve (p. 334) when he tells Jane, I am cold no fervour infects me, her reply is, Whereas I am hot, and fire dissolves ice (p. 364). From the start of the novel, Charlotte Brontas fire and water imagery indicates the essential idea. The fiery passion of Jane, and, later, Rochester, must be quenched by the cold waters of self-control-but not destroyed by the ice of repression. If their bodies burn, their minds must dampen the fires. Jane warns herself that secret love might extract in spite of appearance her life an ignis fatuus (p. 153). Yet it is Rochester who is all-fire when, disguised as a gypsy, he has his interview with Jane, she feels his powerful attraction and says, Dont keep me long the fire scorches me. Rochester, for his part, realizes Janes double quality she has the fire of bodily love, The flame flickers in the eye, but too the cool control of the soul, the eye shines like dew (p. 190). Earlier, Rochester insists that Jane is cold because she is totally no contact strikes the fire from you that is within you (p. 187). When Bertha, Rochesters old passionate flame, sets his bed on fire, Jane saves him by dousing the bed with water. Miss BrontEs imagery is precise and explains the relationship amongst the central characters. Bertha represents the flames of hellfire that postulate already scorched Ro chester. Jane, fiery though she is, has sufficient control to water prevail over these fires. Jane brought my own water jug, baptized the couch afresh, and, by Gods aid, succeeded in defunctness the flames which were devouring it (p. 142). She will save them both from hellfire by refusing the passionate advances of Rochester. After she learns of his previous marriage, she finally gains release from her burning agony and imagines herself laid down in the dried-up bed of a great river, and I heard a flood loosened in remote mountains, and felt the torrent bang .. . . (p. 281). Religiontrue religion, not the frigid religion that will characterize Rivers-is described in terms of water the waters came into my soul . . . I came into deep waters the floods overflowed me (p. 282). And this water in Janes spirit enables her to withstand what Rochester calls the pure, powerful flame (p. 299) that fuses them. Despite the hand of fiery iron that grasped my vitals (p. 299), despite her veins running fire, despite Rochesters flaming contemplate which is likened to the glow of a furnace (p. 301), Jane flees to the wet turf and sheds stormy, scalding, heart-wrung tears (p. 305). This content downloaded on Tue, 5 Mar 2013 100058 AM All use display case to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ROUND TABLE 217 Although Jane is soaked with rain in her wanderings, her emotional fires still burn, ready to be re-awakened when the dangers of Rochesters appeals have passed. Rochester alone must be purged by the fires he long ago lit between himself and Bertha. This time there is no Jane to keep him from the searing, mutilating flames that destroy Bertha and Thornfield, and, ironically, put out the fiery gleam in his eyes. But Jane, meanwhile, is guarding her own flame from the freezing heartlessness of St. John Rivers. His ice kisses cannot reach her. She cannot forever keep the fires of my nature continually low, to compel it to burn inwardly and never utter a cry, though the imprisoned fl ame consumed vital after vital (p. 417). She escapes from Rivers chilling grasp and returns to the scorched ruin of Rochester where she can human bodyle the lustre of his lamp which has been quenched (p. 417). Soon she re-awakens the glow of their love, and their two natures join in a steady flame that burns neither as wildly as the lightning that destroyed the chestnut, nor as dimly as the setting sun of St. John Rivers religious dream. The fire-water image underscores the basic idea of Jane Eyre just as love must find a middle way between the flames of passion and the waters of pure reason, so Jane must find a golden mean between egocentric rage and Christlike submission, between Aunt Reed and Helen Burns, between the wild, Byronic Rochester and the tempered, controlled Rivers. Jane Eyre achieves this successful median in her own character and in her future life with the chastened Rochester. Image and idea join in a novel that not only shows the wildly passionate appeal of romant ic art but also operates under the concept of formal control.This novel revolves round Bakha who is a sweeper boy. The author has chosen a conspicuous day from his life and through the presentation of the part occurring on that particular day, he has drawn our attention towards the plight of low caste people. First situation is the pollution through touch of a caste Hindu. It creates a catastrophe. As Bakha walks along the road eating Jalebi and recalling the arrange ment he has made for learning English, his gaze is drawn to a woman seated in a window. He is so deeply lost in his thoughts that he has accidently touched someone passing by. Suddenly he hears,keep to the billet of the road, o he low-caste vermin why dont you call, you swine and announce your approach Do you know you have touched me and defiled me, you cock- eyed son of a bow- three-legged scorpion now I will have to go and take a bath to purify myself.Bakha is apparently seized with fear, humility and servility. Of course he was aware of his status in life but it was a sudden shock. At this moment Bakha realizes for the first time that the society which condemns and humiliates him forms a moral barrier which he alone is unable to break down. This awareness of his own status is like a ray of light shooting through darkness. (P59) in this regard, Alastair Niven in his book The mating of Pity A study in the fictional writing of Mulk Raj Anand comments that this revelation is,as instantaneous as light and as profound as darkness. He is doomed to be an untouchable in the eyes of humanity forever, and his dreams of attaining some sort of individual dignity are pretentions and nave.The second major situation in the novel is when Bakhas sister Sohini is molested by the priest. The irony in this situation, Anand makes us realizes, is that hue and cry is raised against the molested and not the molester. Thus we see that the holy men who appear in Anands fiction are corrupt to the core and in their eyes the lowest of low are quite touchable for the purpose of pleasurable their lust.For example, the ascetic in Coolie- he appears as Pandit Surajbhan in The Road seduces a childless woman under the pretext of turning her fertile. Here in watertight also, though the holy priest makes unsuccessful attempts to seduce Bakhas sister, the author has exposed the contradiction in the thinking of the so called extravagantly- caste people, while a stainless touch of the clothes of an untouchable is thought to pollute a higher caste, sexual union is non- objectionable. Sohini raises an alarm to save herself from being molested by the priest kali Nath but the priest is very clever and extricates himself from the difficult situation by shouting, Polluted, Polluted. The writer here draws our attention towards the unjust and condemnable behaviour of the so called high caste people who can easily go scotfree by turning the blame on to the suffering, sexually exploited girl. There seems to be a misfortune of protest and revenge. But Anand underlines the fact that revolt in such cases is impotent and ineffective. Bakha knows the truth of the whole thing that he finds himself incapable of taking revenge. He returns abode crestfallen and shout against the indignities, brutalities heaped by high caste people upon them.The heros immediate impulse is to avenge the insult but he fails to act. It is here typical treatment of the underdog as given by Anand is projected. The burden of the past, the attitude of the ruling class, and their longing for pity and sympathy crush the will to act. The oppressed underdog in the hero continues and devours him like a monster. He is a total picture of a dog crouching at the door of a banquet hall.When Gandhi calls upon the untouchables to purify their lives, cultivate the habits of cleanliness, and rid themselves of the cruel habits like drinking liquor and eating carrion Bakha feels confused and cannot agree with him. But soon he feels l ifted up when Gandhi calls upon them not to accept from caste Hindus leavings from their plates, and peck from them only good grain if it is courteously offered. The Mahatma implies that the untouchables should not compromise their self-respect he also spots to the caste people to be more charitable and kind to the untouchable. At the close of his speech he censures the caste Hindus for their ignorance of their religion and urges them to declare open all public wells, temples, roads, schools, sanatoriums to the untouchables, and carry on propaganda against untouchability. To drive home his point to the gathering, apparently to show how serious a matter is untouchability, he lectures on this social evil and the urgent need to root it out.

Rene Descartes Essay -- Biographies Bio Biography

Rene Descartes was a famous french mathematician, scientist and philosopher. He was arguably the first major philosopher in the modern era to touch on a serious effort to defeat skepticism. His views about knowledge and certainty, as well as his views about the relationship between mind and embody prevail been very influential over the last three centuries.Descartes was born at La Haye (now called Descartes), and educated at the Jesuit College of La Flche between 1606 and 1614. Descartes later claimed that his schooling gave him little of substance and that only mathematics had given him certain knowledge. In this lament he joins a chorus of seventeenth speed of light philosophers including Bacon, Hobbes and Locke. In 1618 he went to Holland to serve in the army of Prince Maurice of Nassau, in traveled to Ger numerous with that army. On the shadow of November 10, he had a series of dreams which he interpreted as signs that he would appoint a universal science. The most import ant influence on Descartes at this time was the mathematician Issac Beeckman, who stimulated Descartes by posing a number of problems and discussing issues in natural philosophy and mathematics with him. His first substantial work was the Regulae or Rules for the Direction of thought written in 1628-9 but not published until 1701. This work shows Descartes interest in method which he shared with many sixteenth and seventeenth century scientists, mathematicians and philosophers.One source of this interest in method was ancient mathematics. The thirteen books of Euclids Elements was a model of knowledge and deductive method. But how had all this been achieved? Archimedes had made many remarkable discoveries. How had he come to make these discoveries? The method in which the results were pr... ...l could interact with the body in 1643. In response to Elisabeths questions, Descartes wrote a short work which demonstrable into the Passions of the Soul. The work is a combination of psy chology, physiology and ethics, and contains Descartes theory of two way causal fundamental interaction via the pineal gland.Two months before the publication of the Passions Descartes set sail for Stockholm, Sweden, at the invitation of Queen Christina of Sweden. Descartes death in Stockholm of pneumonia, has regularly been attributed to the rigors of the Swedish climate and the feature that Descartes (no archaeozoic riser) was sometimes required to give the Queen lessons as early as five in the morning. However unpleasant these conditions may have been, it seems bare that Descartes acquired his fatal malady as a result of nursing his friend the French ambassador (who had pneumonia) back to health. Rene Descartes Essay -- Biographies Bio BiographyRene Descartes was a famous French mathematician, scientist and philosopher. He was arguably the first major philosopher in the modern era to make a serious effort to defeat skepticism. His views about knowledge and cer tainty, as well as his views about the relationship between mind and body have been very influential over the last three centuries.Descartes was born at La Haye (now called Descartes), and educated at the Jesuit College of La Flche between 1606 and 1614. Descartes later claimed that his education gave him little of substance and that only mathematics had given him certain knowledge. In this lament he joins a chorus of seventeenth century philosophers including Bacon, Hobbes and Locke. In 1618 he went to Holland to serve in the army of Prince Maurice of Nassau, in traveled to Germany with that army. On the night of November 10, he had a series of dreams which he interpreted as signs that he would found a universal science. The most important influence on Descartes at this time was the mathematician Issac Beeckman, who stimulated Descartes by posing a number of problems and discussing issues in physics and mathematics with him. His first substantial work was the Regulae or Rules for t he Direction of Mind written in 1628-9 but not published until 1701. This work shows Descartes interest in method which he shared with many sixteenth and seventeenth century scientists, mathematicians and philosophers.One source of this interest in method was ancient mathematics. The thirteen books of Euclids Elements was a model of knowledge and deductive method. But how had all this been achieved? Archimedes had made many remarkable discoveries. How had he come to make these discoveries? The method in which the results were pr... ...l could interact with the body in 1643. In response to Elisabeths questions, Descartes wrote a short work which developed into the Passions of the Soul. The work is a combination of psychology, physiology and ethics, and contains Descartes theory of two way causal interaction via the pineal gland.Two months before the publication of the Passions Descartes set sail for Stockholm, Sweden, at the invitation of Queen Christina of Sweden. Descartes death i n Stockholm of pneumonia, has regularly been attributed to the rigors of the Swedish climate and the fact that Descartes (no early riser) was sometimes required to give the Queen lessons as early as five in the morning. However unpleasant these conditions may have been, it seems plain that Descartes acquired his fatal malady as a result of nursing his friend the French ambassador (who had pneumonia) back to health.

The Relevance of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels Essay -- Gulliver

The Relevance of Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels Having read Jonathan Swifts novel, Gullivers Travels, in high school, I shew it an fire task to reread this great work from a slightly older, more experienced out(a)look. I was pleasantly surprised to line up that time had greatly changed the means I viewed this novel. Upon first reading the novel I feel that I viewed the book in a more childlike matter, scoffing at his ideas of human beings politics and not understanding much of his satire. I was told in my high school class that Swift wrote Gullivers Travels as a satire of side of meat politics. Back then, I assumed that he himself must have been an Englishman and felt the need to mock the politics of his country. Four years later, I find out that Swift was in fact an Irishman, which entirely changed the meaning of the satire for me. It is sensation thing when a person writes a satire about the politics of ones own country, as in the book, Primary Colors, which made fun of the Clinton establishment in the White House. However, in my opinion, it is of greater insult when it comes from an outsider, a foreigner, who may have a deeper reason for insulting the English nation, and I feel that in this case it might be because of the long felt oppression of Ireland by England. Coming into English 366, I honestly never knew very much about the oppression of Ireland from England. I knew that there had always been trouble between the both countries, but I never knew of the strong feelings that have been expressed about England in many Irish works of literature. After reading works from this build I began to see Swifts emphasis on politics, his use of gross humor and his ideas of go badting into society in both the excerpt found ... ...ire has helped me to examine my own world for what it really is and I am now in the position of Gulliver in trying to find out where I fit in. I entrust graduate soon and am supposed to find my place in society. I will have to start my own journeys to find a place where I can fit in and feel as if I am doing a service to making our society better. By becoming a teacher, I plan to try to bring about change to our society, but I know that it may be an impossible task. I will have to view my life from within myself and from others point of view, and try to see where I can go from there. I hope that I will not go crazy in my search as poor Gulliver did, and that I can find my place in our less-then-perfect society. Works Cited Jonathan Swift, Gullivers Travels, (Penquin Books, 2001). Colm Toibin, The penguin book of Irish fiction, (Penguin Books, 1999).